Brinjal
Solanum melongena L.
Solanaceae

Varieties
CO 1, CO 2, MDU 1, PKM 1, PLR 1,PLR (B) 2, KKM 1, PPI 1, Annamalai COBH 1 and COBH 2

	CO.1 (1978): It is a pure line selection. Fruits are oblong, pale green with white backround. Fruits are soft seeded even at full maturity .Yields about 20-25 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 140-145 days.			CO.2 (1988): It is a pure line selection from Varikkathiri.Fruits are slightly oblong having dark purple streaks under  pale green backround without spines on the calyx surface.. Fruits are soft seeded even at full maturity .Yields about 35 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 150 days
	MDU. 1 (1979): It is a pure line selection from kallampatti local. Fruits are round with large sizeeach weighing about 200-250g;bright purple in colour with less seed content. Yields about 30 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 140 days. Preferred in Madurai and Trichy districts.			PKM . 1(1984): It is an induced mutant of a local type (Puzhuthikathiri). Fruits are small with green stripes. Yields about 35 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 150-155 days.Adapted to rainfed condition.
	PLR. 1 (1990): Reselection from Nagpur ecotype. Fruits are small, medium sized, purple in colour, egg shaped, dark purple and glossy in appearance. Yields about 25 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 135 -140 days .			KKM. 1 (1995): It is a pureline selection from kulathur local. Fruits are born in clusters with 2-4, egg shaped milky white in colour. Yields about 37tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 130 -135 days .
	PPI (B) : Single line selection from karungal local type .Fruits are lengthy pale green in colour, less seeded and bitter less. Yields about 50 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 185 days			PLR. (BR) 2 : Single plant selection from Sevanthampatti local.  Fruits are oval in shape, dark purple with pink tinge and glossy. Average yield 38t/ha
	TNAU BRINJAL VRM 1: It is a pure line selection from Elavambadi village of Vellore District.Fruits are oval in shape, glossy pink in colour with green tinge in the distal end. Resistant to leaf spot,verticillium wilt and epilachna beetle. It is a cluster bearing type and yields about 40-45 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 140-150 days.			COBH.1 (2001): It is a hybrid between EP45 x CO2.Fruits are dark violet in color, higher ascorbic acid content (16.65 mg/100g). Yields about 56 tonnes/ha in a crop duration of 120-130 days
	COBH. 2 (2002): It is a hybrid between EP65 x Pusa Uttam . Moderately tolerant  to shoot (7.26%) and fruit borer (16. 50 %). Fruits are medium sized, slightly oblong and glossy violet in colour Fruits contain 16.5 mg / 100g  ascorbic acid .. Recommended under irrigated conditions during July – December and January – June. High yielding  (58 t/ha) in a crop duration of 120-130 days.

Soil
Well drained soil rich in organic matter with pH of 6.5-7.5.

Season of Sowing
December – January and May – June.

Nursery bed preparation
 Apply FYM 10 kg, neem cake 1 kg, VAM 50 g, enriched super phosphate 100 g and furadon 10 g per square metre before sowing. Area required for raising seedling for planting 1.0 ha is 100 sq.m.

Seed rate
            Varieties : 400 g / ha
            Hybrids : 200 g / ha

Seed treatment
Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride @ 4 g / kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g / kg of seed. Treat the seeds with Azospirillum @ 40 g / 400 g of seeds using rice gruel as adhesive. Irrigate with rose can. In raised nursery beds, sow the seeds in lines at 10 cm apart and cover with sand. Transplant the seedlings 30 – 35 days after sowing at 60 cm apart in the ridges.

Protected nursery

• Prepare the nursery area of 3 cents with slanting slope of 2 % for the seedling production to cover 1 ha.

• Cover the nursery area with 50 % shade net and cover the sides using 40 / 50 mesh insect proof nylon net.

• Form raised beds of 1 m width and convenient length and place HDPV pipes at 2m interval for further protection with polythene sheets during rainy months.

• Mix sterilized cocopeat @ 300 kg with neem cake 5 kg along with Azospirillum and phosphobacteria each @ 1 kg. Approximately 1.2 kg of cocopeat is required for filling one protray. 200 protrays are required for the production of 18,700 seedlings, which is required for one hectare adopting a spacing of 90 x 60 x 75 cm in paired row system.

• Sow the treated seeds in protrays @ 1 seed per cell.

• Cover the seed with cocopeat and keep the trays one above the other and cover with a polythene sheet till germination starts.

• After 6 days, place the protrays with germinated seeds individually on the raised beds inside the shade net.

• Water with rose-can everyday and drench with 19:19:19 @ 0.5% (5g/l) at 18 days after sowing.

Field preparation
Thoroughly prepare the field with the addition of FYM @ 25 t / ha and form ridges and furrows at a spacing of 60 cm. Apply 2 kg / ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg / ha of Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM. Irrigate the furrows and transplant 30-35 days old seedlings at 60 cm apart on the ridges.

Spacing
            Varieties : 60 x 60 cm
            Hybrids : 90 x 60 cm

Mulching
Mulch with black LDPE sheets of 25 micron thickness and bury both the ends into the soil to a depth of 10 cm.

Weed control
Apply Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i. / ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i / ha as pre-emergence herbicide, followed by hand weeding once at 30 days after planting.

Irrigation
After establishment of seedlings, irrigate at weekly intervals.

Layout and planting for drip irrigation and fertigation

• Apply FYM @ 25 t / ha as basal dose before last ploughing.

• Apply 2 kg/ha of Azospirillum and 2 kg/ha Phosphobacteria by mixing with 50 kg of FYM.

• Apply 75 % total recommended dose of superphosphate i.e. 703 kg / ha as basal.

• Install the drip irrigation with main and sub main pipes and place lateral tubes at an interval of 1.5 m.

• Place the drippers in lateral tubes at an interval of 60 cm and 50 cm spacing with 4 LPH and 3.5 LPH capacities respectively.

• Form raised beds of 120 cm width at an interval of 30 cm and place the laterals at the centre of the each bed.

• Before planting, wet the beds using drip system for 8-12 hrs.

• Planting to be done at a spacing of 90x60x75 cm in the paired row system, using ropes marked at 75 cm spacing.

• Spray Pendimethalin 1.0 kg a.i./ha or Fluchloralin 1.0 kg a.i/ha as pre-emergence herbicide at 3rd day after planting.

• Gap filling to be done at 7th day after transplanting.

Manuring
 Apply 2 kg each of Azospirillum and Phosphobacteria in the main field at planting.

Varieties
Basal dose : FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 50:50:30 kg/ ha.
Top dressing : 50 kg N/ha on 30th day of planting or during earthing up.

Hybrids
Basal dose : FYM 25 t/ha, NPK 100:150:100 kg/ha.
Top dressing : 100 kg N/ha on 30th day of planting or during earthing up.

Fertigation schedule for hybrids
Recommended dose: 200:150: 100 kg / ha

75% RD of Phosphorus applied as superphosphate = 703 kg / ha.
 1. 19:19:19 = 79 kg / ha
 2. 13:0:45 = 189 kg/ ha
 3. 12:61:0 = 37 kg / ha
 4. Urea = 340 kg / ha

Growth regulators
Spray 2 ppm (1 ml in 500 lit) Triacontanol plus Sodium Borate or Borax 35 mg/l of water 15 days after transplanting and at the time of full bloom to increase the yield.

After cultivation
Hand weeding, top dressing and earthing up on 30th day of planting.

Plant protection
Pests
Shoot & fruit borer

1. Remove the affected terminal shoot showing boreholes.
2. Remove the affected fruits and destroy.
3. Avoid using synthetic pyrethroids.
4. Spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 % or any one of the following chemicals starting from one month after planting at 15 days interval.

Epilachna beetle

• Collect the beetles, grubs, pupae and destroy.
• Spray any one of the following insecticide.  

Whitefly
Monitor the whitefly with yellow sticky trap at 12 Nos./ha.  Spray Neem oil 3% + Teepol (1 ml/lit) or spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract 5 %.

Ash Weevil
Apply Carbofuran 3 G at 15 kg/ha at 15 days after planting.

Ash weevil

Aphid
Release 1st instar larvae of Green lace wing bug (Chrysoperla carnea) @ 10,000 Nos./ha. Apply phorate 10 % G @ 15 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticide

Red Spider mite

Apply phorate 10 % G @15 kg /ha or spray any one of the following insecticide

Diseases
Damping off
Treat the seeds with Trichoderma viride 4 g/kg or Pseudomonas fluorescens 10 g /kg of seed 24 hours before sowing. Apply Pseudomonas fluorescens as soil application @ 2.5 kg/ha mixed with 50 kg of FYM.  Water stagnation should be avoided. Drench with Copper oxychloride at 2.5 g/lit at 4 lit/sq.m

Leaf Spot
Leaf spot can be controlled by spraying Mancozeb 2 g/lit.

Little Leaf
Remove the affected plants in the early stages and spray Methyl demeton 30 EC @ 1.0 ml/lit. to control the vector.

Little leaf

Harvest
Harvest can be done 55 – 60 days after transplanting. Fruits are harvested at tender stage at 4 – 5 days intervals.

Yield
Varieties:25 to 30 t/ha
Hybrids:60 - 80 t/ha

Market information

IPM Package for Brinjal

• Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride (4g/kg) and Pseudomonas @ 10 g/ kg of seed
• Nursery + seedling dip treatment with Pseudomonas @ 10 g/ lit of water
• Soil application with Neem cake @250 kg/ha
• Maize as boarder crop against movement of whiteflies/ Liriomyza
• Use of yellow sticky traps against White flies and Liriomyza
• Clipping of shoot borer infested terminals
• Leucinodes adult monitoring with pheromone traps
• Trichogramma release after each brood emergence of Leucinodes
• Application of Neem oil formulations 10000ppm @1% / Neem seed kernel extract (5%)
  

Source
1. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/susvegasiabrinjalipm4.html
2. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/images/svcorkipmb5.JPG
3. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/images/svcorkipmb18.JPG
4. http://susveg-asia.nri.org/images/svcorkipmb16.JPG