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CASTOR (Ricinus communis)
CROP IMPROVEMENT
I. SEASON AND VARIETIES
| DISTRICT/SEASON |
VARIETIES |
| A. Rainfed |
| 1.Adipattam (Jun-July) |
| All districts |
Variety |
: |
TMV 5, TMV 6 |
| |
Hybrid |
: |
TMVCH 1, YRCH 1 |
| B. Irrigated |
| 1.Vaigasi pattam (May - June) |
| All distiricts |
Hybrid |
: |
YRCH 1 |
| 2.Karthigaipattam (Nov - Dec) |
| All districts |
Hybrid |
: |
YRCH 1 |
| 3.Panguni pattam (March- Apr) |
| All districts |
Hybrid |
: |
YRCH 1 |
| C. Gardenland (border) |
| 1.Perennial |
| All districts |
Variety |
: |
CO 1 |
|
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II. DESCRIPTION OF CASTOR VARIETIES
| Particulars |
CO 1 |
TMV 5 |
TMV 6 |
Hybrid TMVCH 1 |
Hybrid YRCH 1 |
| Parentage |
Pureline selection from Anamalai |
Derivative of SA 2 X S 248/2 |
Derivative of VP 1 X RC 962 |
LRES 17 X TMV 5 |
DPC 9 X TMV 5 |
| Duration (days) |
perennial |
120 |
160 |
160 -170 |
150-160 |
| Yield (kg/ha) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rainfed (mixed |
- |
|
500 |
600 |
|
| crop) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Rainfed (pure crop) |
2.5 kg/tree/year |
850 |
950 |
1300 |
2000 |
| Irrigated (pure crop) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
3000 |
| Oil content (%) |
57 |
50 |
51.9 |
51.7 |
49 |
| Special features |
| Stem colour |
Pinkish green |
Rose |
Red |
Red |
Light red |
| Bloom (waxy coat) |
No bloom |
Triple |
Double |
Triple |
Triple |
| Receme / capsule |
Bold, sparse setting, non dehiscent |
Spiny, non dehiscent, resistant to leaf hopper |
Medium, lengthy, spiny capsule |
Semi compact, spiny capsule |
Spiny, non dehiscent, resistant to leaf hopper |
| Suitability |
Bund crop and fit for raising in vacant areas |
Pure and mixed crop |
Pure and mixed crop |
Pure and mixed crop |
Pure and mixed crop |
Castor YRCH1 |
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1. Preparation of the field
Plough two-three times with country or mould board plough.
2. Application of Organic Manures
Spread 12.5 t/ha of FYM or compost evenly on the main field before last ploughing and incorporate in to soil by working a country plough. Apply 30 kg sulphur/ ha through gypsum at the time of last ploughing for higher castor yield.
NOTE: Do not leave FYM or compost exposed to sunlight as nutrients will be lost.
3. SEED RATE
Adopt a seed rate of 10 kg/ha for varieties and 5 kg/ha for hybrid.
4. SPACING
Adopt the following spacing.
| |
Rainfed situation |
Irrigated situation |
| Varieties |
90 cm x 60 cm |
90 cm x 90 cm |
| Hybrids |
120 cm x 90 cm |
150 cm x 120 cm |
In irrigated conditions, for clay soils wider spacing of 150 x 150 cm can also be adopted. For TMV 5 short duration variety 60 x 30 cm may be adopted.
5. APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS
Apply NPK fertilizers basally as per soil test recommendations as far as possible.
If soil test recommendations are not available, follow the blanket recommendation as follows
| |
Recommended NPK kg/ ha |
| Rainfed conditions |
| Varieties |
45 : 15 : 15 NPK kg / ha |
| Hybrids |
60 : 30 : 30 NPK kg / ha |
| Irrigated condition |
| Varieties |
60 : 30 : 30 NPK kg / ha |
| Hybrids |
90 : 45 : 45 NPK kg / ha |
- In rainfed situations apply 100% P & 50% N&K basally & remaining quantity may be applied in one or two top dressings based on the soil moisture availability.
- In irrigated situations apply 100% P & 50% N&K as basal & remaining quantity N&K may be applied in two equal splits at 30th & 60th DAS.
- Apply 12.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 (if the soil available Zn is < 1.2 ppm) and 25 kg FeSO 4 ha-1 (if the soil available Fe is < 3.7 ppm for non calcareous soil and < 6.3 ppm for calcareous soil )
6. PRE TREATMENT OF SEEDS
- Treat the seeds with Carbendazim @ 2 g/kg of seed.
- Soak the seeds in water for
20 hours.
- In rainfed situations, seed priming with 1% Kcl for 3 hours and sowing a week before onset of monsoon is recommended.
7. SOWING
- Sow the seeds adopting the recommended spacing.
- Place the seeds at depth 4 - 6 cm.
- Put one seed in each hole.
8. GAP FILLING
Gap fill on the 15th day of sowing and simultaneously thinning may be done leaving one healthy plant.
9. WEED MANAGEMENT
Apply pre emergence herbicide Pendimethalin @ 3 lit/ha or Fluchloralin @ 2 lit/ha on 3 DAS followed by hand weeding twice on 20th & 40th DAS.
10. INTERCROPPING
Raise one row of castor for every six rows of groundnut. In the case of late receipt of monsoon blackgram + castor at 6:1 ratio is recommended. Or Intercropping of castor with Blackgram or Greengram in 1:2 ratio is recommended for rainfed situation. Intercropping of castor with onion in 1:2 ratio by adopting 1.5 m x 1.0 m spacing is recommended for irrigated situation.
11. HARVESTING THE CROP
Observe the crop considering the average duration of the variety.
- One or more capsules show sign of drying.
- Cut the matured racemes without damaging the secondaries.
- Dry the capsule in the sun without heaping it in the shade.
- Use castor sheller to separate the seeds or beat the dried capsule with wooden planks, winnow and collect the seeds.
Crop Protection
Post Harvest Technology
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